adderall

US Daily Med:link Pregnancy cat.

C(US) Legal status

Schedule II(US) Dependence Liability High Routes Oral

Adderall is a brand-name pharmaceutical psychostimulant composed of mixed amphetamine salts, which is thought to work by increasing the amount of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain.[1] It is available in two formulations: immediate release and extended release (XR). The immediate release formulation is indicated for use in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy,[2] while the XR formulation is only approved for use in ADHD.[1] Contents [hide] 1 Other Uses 2 History 3 Chemistry 4 Dosing and administration 5 Use as treatment for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 6 Generic equivalents/alternatives 7 Mechanism of action 8 Side effects 8.1 In children and adolescents 8.2 In adults 8.3 From overdose 9 Adderall Prolonged Use 9.1 Contraindications, interactions, and precautions 10 Performance-enhancing use 11 Government warnings 12 See also 13 Notes and references //

Other Uses

Adderall has also been used successfully to manage severe cases of treatment-resistant depression. Individuals who show little or no response to typical antidepressants, including SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants, are more likely to respond to psychostimulant therapy. These patients, however, are the exception rather than the norm among those with depression and this is not an FDA-approved indication. Other recognized uses include[3]: Idiopathic Central Nervous System Hypersomnia established by recognized diagnostic criteria Drug-induced brain dysfunction Epilepsy Senile apathetic behavior Psychiatric differential diagnosis of depression Obesity[4]

History

Shire Pharmaceuticals introduced the Adderall brand in 1996 in the form of a multi-dose, instant-release tablet derived from an original formula of the weight management drug Obetrol. In 2006, Shire agreed to sell rights to the Adderall name for this instant-release medication to Duramed Pharmaceuticals[5] and this instant-release medication has since become available in a generic formulation of "mixed amphetamine salts"[6]. The active ingredients of Adderall XR include a combination of dextroamphetamine and racemic DL-amphetamine salts.[6] In 2001, Shire Pharmaceuticals introduced an extended-release preparation of these ingredients in a variety of dosages under the brand name "Adderall XR", on which Shire retains exclusive patent rights until the patent expires, expected in 2018.[7]

Chemistry Basic Amphetamine Structure

Note: Adderall contains an amine functional group.

Specifically, Adderall XR is composed of the following proportions of active ingredients[8]: 1/4 dextroamphetamine saccharate 1/4 dextroamphetamine